• Appearance: Sambucus nigra is a large shrub or small tree that can grow up to 10 meters (33 feet) tall. It has large, dark green leaves and dense branching, with small, white or creamy flowers that appear in clusters during the summer.
• Flowers and Ripening: It blooms in late spring or early summer and produces dark (almost black) fruits during the summer, which are known for their high antioxidant content.
• Fruits: The fruits of the black elderberry are known for their high vitamin C and antioxidant content, but they should only be used when ripe, as unripe fruits can be toxic.

Strengthening the Immune System: Black elderberry is known for its ability to support the immune system, especially during cold and flu seasons. It has often been used to combat flu and cold symptoms.

Treatment of Respiratory Infections: It is used to treat respiratory infections, including coughs and bronchitis. The flowers and fruits of the elderberry have antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects.

Improvement of Skin Health: Some studies suggest that Sambucus nigra extract may help improve skin health and treat conditions such as dermatitis or inflammatory skin diseases.

Antioxidant Properties: The fruits and bark of the black elderberry contain many antioxidants that help fight free radicals and protect the body from oxidative damage.

Treatment of Allergies: Black elderberry is also used to relieve symptoms of seasonal allergies, including sneezing and a runny nose.

• Tea and Syrup: The flowers and fruits of the black elderberry are often used to make teas and syrups that are known for relieving symptoms of the flu and cold.
• Black Elderberry Syrup: One of the most popular products is black elderberry syrup, which has been used to ease coughs and support the health of the immune system.

• Toxic Content: Unripe black elderberries, as well as other parts of the plant (including leaves and bark), can be toxic and may cause nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain. Therefore, they should only be used after cooking or in processed form.
• Drug Interactions: Like any herbal supplement, Sambucus nigra may interact with certain medications, especially those related to the immune system or medications that affect bleeding. It is advised to consult a healthcare professional before use.